Meaning
〜ずに expresses that an action is not performed before another action occurs. It's a formal written version of 〜ないで, indicating the absence or omission of an action. The に particle can be omitted. Note that する becomes せず(に), following a special conjugation pattern.
Formation
| Part of speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| 动词(ない形) | ず(に) |
Examples
-
昨日急いで書いた報告書を、確認せずに部長に提出してしまった。
I rushed and wrote the report yesterday, but submitted it to the department head without confirming it. -
あのカップルは誤解を解かずにそのまま別れてしまった。
That couple broke up as they were without resolving the misunderstanding. -
父は仕事が大変でとても疲れていたので、晩御飯を食べずにそのまま寝た。
My father was exhausted from work, so he went to bed without eating dinner.
Summary
- 〜ずに indicates an action that is NOT performed before another action takes place
- It's primarily used in formal/written contexts; the に particle can be dropped (〜ず)
- する conjugates specially to せず(に), not さず(に)