Meaning
This passive grammar pattern expresses receiving harm, experiencing bad results, feeling annoyed, or dealing with troublesome situations. Noun1 (often omitted if clear) is the victim; Noun2 (marked by に) is the person causing the action; Noun3 (marked by を) is the thing affected. The passive verb form conveys the speaker's negative feeling toward the action.
Formation
| Part of speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| 名詞1 | 接受不好事情的对象（主语，可省略） |
| 名詞2 | 实施行为的人（用に标记） |
| 名詞3 | 受害的事物（用を标记） |
| 動詞 | 被动形 |
Examples
-
A:その手、どうしたの？ B:昨日犬に手をかまれちゃった。
A: What happened to your hand? B: A dog bit my hand yesterday. -
弟は泥棒に財布を盗まれました。
My younger brother had his wallet stolen by a thief. -
妹に大好きなケーキを全部食べられた。
My younger sister ate all of my favorite cake.
Summary
- Use passive form with に for the agent and を for the object to express harm or inconvenience
- Noun1 (victim) can be omitted if the context makes it obvious—the passive perspective already implies 'I' am affected
- This differs from て形+もらう, which expresses gratitude; passive form here emphasizes trouble, damage, or annoyance