Meaning
The pattern 〜とか…とか is used to list examples of things, actions, or qualities in a parallel structure. It provides specific instances without being exhaustive, suggesting there are other similar items not mentioned. This pattern is typically repeated two or more times to create an emphatic listing effect.
Formation
| Part of speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| 名词 | 名詞とか名詞とか |
| 动词 | 動詞（普通形）とか動詞（普通形）とか |
Examples
-
A:粗大ごみは 何ですか。 B:椅子とか、自転車とか、テレビとかは 粗大ごみです。
A: What is large-sized garbage? B: Things like chairs, bicycles, and televisions are large-sized garbage. -
A:日本の 文化は 少し わかりますか。 B:はい、歌舞伎とか、能とかを 見たことがあります。
A: Do you understand Japanese culture a little? B: Yes, I've seen things like Kabuki and Noh theater.
Summary
- Use とか after nouns, or after verbs in their plain form, to list examples
- Repeat the pattern at least twice to emphasize the examples being given
- Suggests additional unlisted items exist, making it an incomplete but representative list