GrammarN22 min read2026-02-17

〜末(に)

Expresses a result achieved after a long period or difficult process

Meaning

〜末(に) indicates the result or outcome of something after a prolonged process or effort. It emphasizes that something finally happened or was achieved after going through a lengthy or arduous journey. The pattern stresses the long duration of the process before reaching that final result.

Formation

Part of speechFormation
动词(た形)末(に)
名词の末(に)

Examples

  1. 苦労した末の実験の成功は、研究者にとって何よりもうれしいものです。
    The success of the experiment after much hardship is nothing but a source of joy for the researchers.

  2. 何回かの転職の末、やっとやりがいのある仕事を見つけた。
    After changing jobs several times, I finally found work that felt meaningful.

  3. 両国は貿易に関して3日間の話し合いの末に、お互い低い税率を課す条約を結んだ。
    After three days of discussions regarding trade, the two countries eventually concluded a treaty with mutually low tax rates.

Summary

  • 〜末(に) shows the final outcome after a long or difficult process
  • Formation: verb (ta-form) + 末(に) or noun + の末(に) when modifying nouns
  • Emphasizes the extended duration and effort leading to the final result

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