Meaning
にもかかわらず is a more formal version of のに used to show contrast with an expected outcome. It emphasizes that something happens contrary to what might normally be expected, and carries a stronger, more emphatic tone. This pattern stresses the importance or significance of the contradictory situation.
Formation
| Part of speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| 動詞普通形 | にもかかわらず |
| い形容詞 | にもかかわらず |
| な形容詞 | （である）にもかかわらず |
| 名詞 | （である）にもかかわらず |
Examples
-
雨にもかかわらず出かけた。
Despite the rain, I went out. -
佐藤さんは雨が降っているにもかかわらず出かけました。
Although it was raining, Mr. Satoh went out anyway. -
お忙しいにもかかわらず、早速ご返信をいただき、誠にありがとうございます。
Thank you very much for your prompt response despite your busy schedule. -
新しい遊園地ができ、真夏の暑さにもかかわらず、およそ1000人が開園時間前に入口で行列を作った。
A new amusement park opened, and despite the scorching midsummer heat, approximately 1,000 people had lined up at the entrance before opening time.
Summary
- Use にもかかわらず to express contrast with an expected or typical outcome, emphasizing the significance of what actually happened
- Can attach to verbs (plain form), i-adjectives, na-adjectives (with である), and nouns (with である)
- More formal and emphatic than のに; ものの emphasizes confirmed facts/conditions while にもかかわらず emphasizes the contradictory result