GrammarN52 min read2026-02-17

ねんがっぴの いいかた

Expressing years, months, and days using ねん, がつ, and にち with special readings

Meaning

Japanese dates follow the pattern: number + ねん (year) + number + がつ (month) + number + にち (day). Years ending in 4 use よ instead of し. Months have special readings, particularly 4月 (しがつ). Days 1-10 have unique irregular readings that must be memorized, and certain days after 10 (like 14 じゅうよっか and 20 はつか) also have special pronunciations.

Formation

Part of speechFormation
数字+ねん
数字+がつ
数字+にち(1~10日有特殊读法)

Examples

  1. 1990ねん 3がつ 12にち
    1990年 3月 12日 (March 12, 1990)

  2. 2014ねん
    2014年 (year 2014)

  3. 1994ねん
    1994年 (year 1994)

  4. いちがつ ついたち
    1月1日 (January 1st)

  5. さんがつ いつか
    3月5日 (March 5th)

Summary

  • Years: number + ねん (years ending in 4 use よ, not し)
  • Months: 1月(いちがつ) through 12月(じゅうにがつ), with 4月 always read as しがつ
  • Days: 1-10 have irregular readings (ついたち, ふつか, みっか, etc.); days 14, 20, and 24 also have special readings

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