Meaning
This grammar pattern expresses a condition of non-existence, and is used when you want to say that a certain condition is absolutely necessary to do something. It has the same meaning as 「…がなければ」 (if there is no ...). The sentence following なくして usually takes a negative form.
Formation
| Part of speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| Noun | なくして(は) |
Examples
-
努力なくしては、結果は出せない。
Without effort, you cannot achieve results. -
この製品のヒットなくして、我が社の発展はなかったと思っています。
I believe that without the success of this product, our company's growth would not have happened. -
国民の協力なくしては、この国の平和は守れません。
Without the cooperation of the people, the peace of this country cannot be maintained. -
町工場のがんばりなくしては、日本のものづくりはここまで発展しなかっただろう。
Without the hard work of small factories, Japanese manufacturing probably wouldn't have developed this far.
Summary
- 「〜なくして(は)」 means "without ..., (cannot) ..."
- Attaches to Noun