GrammarN310 min read2026-02-13

Keigo Verb Table — Memorize This and You're Set

いらっしゃる, おる, いたす, うけたまわる... Special keigo verbs are exam staples. One table covers all honorific and humble verb correspondences.

The underlying logic of keigo is simple: use honorific language (sonkeigo) to elevate others' actions, and humble language (kenjougo) to lower your own. Formulas work for most verbs (お + verb + になる/いたす), but some verbs don't follow formulas — they have dedicated honorific and humble forms that you must memorize.

Formula Review

Before looking at the special verbs, confirm the two formula sets:

Honorific Formula (Other Person's Actions)

TypeFormulaExample
Regular verbお + masu-stem + になるお書きになる
Sino-Japanese verbご + noun + になるご案内になる
Short formお/ご + masu-stem + くださいお書きください
Short formお/ご + masu-stem + ですお持ちですか
Universalverb + れる/られる書かれる

Humble Formula (Your Own Actions)

TypeFormulaExample
Regular verbお + masu-stem + するお願いします
Regular verbお + masu-stem + いたすお願いいたします
Sino-Japanese verbご + noun + するご案内します
Sino-Japanese verbご + noun + いたすご案内いたします

する → いたす → もうす → もうしあげる — the longer the word, the higher the respect.

Special Keigo Verb Table (Must Memorize)

These verbs can't use formulas — you need to memorize them directly:

Plain FormHonorific (Sonkeigo)Humble (Kenjougo)
行く (go)いらっしゃる・おいでになるまいる
来る (come)いらっしゃる・おいでになる・見えるまいる
いる (be/exist)いらっしゃる・おいでになるおる
する (do)なさるいたす
食べる・飲む (eat/drink)めしあがる・あがるいただく・ちょうだいする
言う (say)おっしゃるもうす・もうしあげる
聞く (hear/ask)お耳にする・お聞きになるうかがう・拝聴する・うけたまわる
見る (see)ご覧になる拝見する
知る (know)ご存じになる存じております
です (be)でいらっしゃいますでございます
あげる (give)さしあげる
もらう (receive)いただく
くれる (give to me)くださる

Key Vocabulary Deep Dive

見える = Honorific for "Come"

見える is the most frequently tested — many students only know it means "can be seen," but it's also the honorific for "come":

社長が見えました。 The president has arrived.

When you see 見える on a test, first consider whether it means "come."

うけたまわる = Highest-Level Humble for "Hear"

This word combines 「受ける」 (receive) and 「賜わる」 (be bestowed) — "I have received your bestowed words":

ご忠告をうけたまわりました。 I have heard your advice.

さしあげる vs もうしあげる

These two look very similar but serve completely different purposes:

WordOriginPurpose
さしあげるHumble form of あげる (give)Giving/receiving verbs
もうしあげるHigher form of もうす (say)Humble formula pattern

Don't mix them up: さしあげる is "give (to you)," while もうしあげる is used in the お~もうしあげる humble formula.

Potential Form with Keigo

Both honorific and humble forms can be combined with potential:

TypeChangeExample
Honorificになる → になれるお持ちになれますか (Can you bring it?)
Humbleする → できるお送りできます (We can deliver it)

十万円以上お買い上げいただければ、おうちまでお送りできます。 If you purchase over 100,000 yen, we can deliver to your home.

Practical Applications

ScenePlainHonorific/Humble
Restaurant ordering何をしますか何になさいますか
ID verification本人ですか本人でいらっしゃいますか
Convenience store2000円を預かります2000円おあずかりします
Self-introduction宮馬です宮馬でございます
Guiding someone案内しますご案内いたします

Summary

  • Formulaic verbs: お/ご + verb + になる/いたす
  • Non-formulaic verbs: memorize the special table (行く, 来る, いる, する, 食べる, 聞く, 見る, 知る, です)
  • Most tested on exams: 見える (honorific for "come"), うけたまわる (humble for "hear")
  • Don't confuse さしあげる (humble "give") with もうしあげる (humble formula for "say")

Self-Check Exercises

Q1. What does 見える mean in 「社長が見えました」?

Show Answer

It's the honorific form of "come." Not "can be seen," but "the president has arrived." 見える as the honorific for 来る is a common N3 exam point.

Q2. Is 「2000円おあずかりします」 honorific or humble?

Show Answer

Humble (kenjougo). The cashier is the one "holding" (あずかる) the money — it's their own action, so they use the humble formula: お + あずかり + します. This shows respect toward the customer.

Q3. When do you use さしあげる vs もうしあげる?

Show Answer
  • さしあげる = humble form of あげる (give), used in giving/receiving contexts: 「お土産をさしあげます」 (I'll give you a souvenir)
  • もうしあげる = higher form of もうす (say), used in the humble formula: 「お願いもうしあげます」 (I humbly request)

One is "give," the other is "say" — don't mix them up.

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