GrammarN12 min read2026-02-17

〜か否か

A formal alternative to かどうか, used to express 'whether or not' in written and formal contexts.

Meaning

「否」is read as 「いな」. This grammar pattern means "whether something is the case or not." It has the same meaning as 「かどうか」but is a more formal expression.

Formation

Part of speechFormation
Verb (plain form)か否か
い-adjectiveか否か
な-adjective(である)か否か
Noun(である)か否か

Examples

  1. 討論番組で、スマートフォンを小学生に持たせるか否かの議論が行われていた。
    On a discussion program, they debated whether or not elementary school students should be allowed to have smartphones.

  2. 明日、野球の試合が出来るか否かは、台風の進路にかかっている。
    Whether or not tomorrow's baseball game can be held depends on the path of the typhoon.

  3. 人が成功するか否かは、才能のみによるものではない。環境など様々な要因によって決まるのだ。
    Whether or not a person succeeds does not depend on talent alone. It is determined by various factors such as environment.

  4. では、この案に賛成か否かを問います。
    Now, I will ask whether you are for or against this proposal.

Summary

  • 「〜か否か」means "whether or not ~"
  • Attaches to verbs (plain form), い-adjectives, な-adjectives, and nouns

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