Meaning
The dictionary form (辞書形) is the most basic form of Japanese verbs and the form you find when looking up words in a dictionary. All Group 1 verbs end in 'u' sounds, Group 2 verbs end in 'ru', and Group 3 verbs are くる and する. This form is commonly used in casual conversations between friends and family.
Formation
| Part of speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| 1类动词 | 以「u」段假名结尾:あう(见面)、あらう(洗)、おくる(送)、おわる(结束)、かつ(赢)、すわる(坐) |
| 2类动词 | 以「る」结尾:おぼえる(记住)、かんがえる(想)、でる(出去)、きる(穿)、ねる(睡) |
| 3类动词 | くる(来)、する(做):そうじする(清扫)、でんわする(打电话) |
Examples
-
おかあさん:あした、だれと あうの。
Mother: Tomorrow, who are you going to meet? -
むすめ:あした、ともだちと あう。
Daughter: Tomorrow, I'm going to meet a friend.
Summary
- Dictionary form is the base form of verbs found in dictionaries
- Group 1 verbs end in 'u' sounds (あう, あらう), Group 2 in 'ru' (おぼえる, ねる), Group 3 are くる and する
- Commonly used in casual situations between friends and family members