Meaning
This group of patterns expresses "regardless of how A changes, B is unaffected" — the state or content of A has no bearing on B. Used mainly in formal settings and written language.
The three variants are interchangeable:
- いかんにかかわらず (regardless of)
- いかんによらず (irrespective of)
- いかんをとわず (without regard to)
Formation
| Part of speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| Noun(の) | いかんにかかわらず |
| Noun(の) | いかんによらず |
| Noun(の) | いかんをとわず |
Examples
-
試験会場内で携帯電話などを使用した場合には、理由のいかんにかかわらず失格になります。
If you use a mobile phone in the exam venue, you will be disqualified regardless of the reason. -
セール品は理由のいかんによらず、返品はできませんのでご了承ください。
Sale items cannot be returned regardless of the reason. Please understand. -
日本語能力試験は、国籍のいかんを問わず受験することができます。
The JLPT can be taken regardless of nationality.
Summary
- All three variants have identical meaning: "regardless of..., the result does not change"
- Attaches to nouns(の); 「の」 can be omitted
- Formal written expression, commonly seen in regulations, notices, and official announcements