GrammarN52 min read2026-02-17

〜+ 名詞

Place verb dictionary forms before nouns to describe or specify what kind of thing or person

Meaning

This grammar pattern uses verbs to modify and describe nouns. Place the verb in its dictionary form (or other standard forms) directly before the noun to specify what kind of thing or person it is. The verb provides additional information about the noun, similar to adjectives in English.

Formation

Part of speechFormation
动词普通形(现在肯定)動詞(辞書形)+ 名詞
动词普通形(现在否定)動詞(ない形)+ 名詞
动词普通形(过去肯定)動詞(た形)+ 名詞
动词普通形(过去否定)動詞(なかった形)+ 名詞

Examples

  1. すしを 食べる 人
    a person who eats sushi

  2. すしを 食べない 人
    a person who doesn't eat sushi

  3. すしを 食べた 人
    a person who ate sushi

  4. すしを 食べなかった 人
    a person who didn't eat sushi

  5. これは 母が 作った ケーキです。
    This is a cake that my mother made.

  6. もうすぐ 昼ごはんを 食べる 時間に なります。
    Soon it will be time to eat lunch.

  7. 駅の 近くに 自転車を 置くところが あります。
    There is a place to park bicycles near the station.

Summary

  • Place verbs in dictionary form (or ない/た/なかった forms) directly before nouns to modify them
  • Use present affirmative (辞書形), present negative (ない), past affirmative (た), or past negative (なかった) forms
  • This pattern works like relative clauses in English, allowing verbs to describe or specify nouns

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