Meaning
Japanese verbs are divided into three main groups: Group 1 (u-verbs) end in -u; Group 2 (ru-verbs) end in -iru or -eru; Group 3 includes only kuru (to come) and suru (to do), plus noun+suru combinations. However, some Group 1 verbs also end in -iru or -eru, which can cause confusion when learning conjugations.
Formation
| Part of speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| 1类动词（グループ1） | 以「-u」结尾：よむ、あそぶ、かく、およぐ |
| 2类动词（グループ2） | 以「-iru」或「-eru」结尾：たべる、つかれる、かりる、おしえる |
| 3类动词（グループ3） | くる、する、名詞＋する：けっこんする、さんぽする |
Examples
-
1类动词中以"-iru"或"-eru"结尾的特殊动词：
Special Group 1 verbs ending in -iru or -eru -
いる
iru - to need; to exist -
はいる
hairu - to enter -
かえる
kaeru - to return; to go back -
きる
kiru - to cut -
しる
shiru - to know -
はしる
hashiru - to run
Summary
- Group 1 verbs end in -u and follow one conjugation pattern
- Group 2 verbs end in -iru or -eru and follow a different conjugation pattern
- Be careful: some Group 1 verbs end in -iru or -eru like regular Group 2 verbs, requiring memorization to distinguish them