Meaning
The pattern 〜中 has three distinct uses depending on the type of noun it follows. When following an action noun, it indicates an ongoing action (read as ちゅう). When following a time noun, it indicates a time period (read as ちゅう or じゅう depending on the noun). When following a location noun, it indicates coverage of an entire area or scope (read as じゅう).
Formation
| Part of speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| 名词(动作) | 表示动作的名詞 + 中(ちゅう)→ 正在… |
| 名词(时间) | 表示时间的名詞 + 中(ちゅう/じゅう)→ 在…以内 |
| 名词(地点) | 表示地点的名詞 + 中(じゅう)→ 全… |
Examples
-
部長は 会議中です。
The department manager is in a meeting. -
先生は 研究中です。
The teacher is conducting research. -
あの 留学生は 勉強中です。
That exchange student is studying. -
この仕事は 今月中に やらなければなりません。
This work must be completed within this month. -
飛行機は 午前中に 着きます。
The airplane will arrive before noon. -
今日中に 申し込まないと、間に合いません。
If you don't apply by today, you'll miss the deadline. -
あの子は とても 頭がいいです。学校中の 人が 知っています。
That child is very smart. Everyone in the school knows it. -
万里の長城は 世界中で 有名です。
The Great Wall of China is famous throughout the world.
Summary
- Action noun + 中(ちゅう) = expressing an ongoing or current action
- Time noun + 中(ちゅう/じゅう) = expressing a time frame or deadline (read じゅう for 今日, 今年, etc.)
- Location noun + 中(じゅう) = expressing complete coverage of an entire area or scope