KanjiN410 min read2026-02-15

Ingredients — Kanji You'll See in Japanese Supermarkets

米, 麦, 肉, 魚, 豆, 卵, 茶, 酒, 塩, 糖 — master these 20 kanji and read every food label in a Japanese supermarket.

Visiting a Japanese supermarket is one of the great joys of traveling in Japan. But without knowing the kanji on the packaging, you're left guessing from pictures alone.

Good news: most ingredient kanji are identical or very similar to Chinese characters. Learn these 20, and you can navigate any Japanese supermarket with confidence.

Core Kanji Table

Staples & Grains

KanjiOn'yomiKun'yomiMeaningCommon WordsSupermarket Example
ベイ (bei)・マイ (mai)こめ (kome)riceお米 (おこめ, rice), 米国 (べいこく, USA)新米 (しんまい) = new crop rice
バク (baku)むぎ (mugi)wheat小麦 (こむぎ, wheat), 麦茶 (むぎちゃ, barley tea)小麦粉 (こむぎこ) = flour
フン (fun)こな (kona)・こ (ko)powder小麦粉 (こむぎこ, flour), 粉末 (ふんまつ, powder)薄力粉 = cake flour
コク (koku)grain穀物 (こくもつ, grain), 雑穀 (ざっこく, mixed grains)五穀米 = five-grain rice
トウ (tō)いね (ine)rice plant稲作 (いなさく, rice farming), 稲穂 (いなほ, rice ear)Inaniwa udon brand name

Meat, Eggs, Fish & Beans

KanjiOn'yomiKun'yomiMeaningCommon WordsSupermarket Example
ニク (niku)meat牛肉 (ぎゅうにく, beef), 豚肉 (ぶたにく, pork)鶏肉 (とりにく) = chicken
ギョ (gyo)さかな (sakana)・うお (uo)fish魚介 (ぎょかい, seafood), 鮮魚 (せんぎょ, fresh fish)刺身 (さしみ) = sashimi
トウ (tō)・ズ (zu)まめ (mame)bean大豆 (だいず, soybean), 豆腐 (とうふ, tofu)納豆 (なっとう) = natto
ラン (ran)たまご (tamago)egg卵焼き (たまごやき, omelet), 生卵 (なまたまご, raw egg)温泉卵 = hot spring egg
ニュウ (nyū)ちち (chichi)milk牛乳 (ぎゅうにゅう, milk), 乳製品 (にゅうせいひん, dairy)低脂肪乳 = low-fat milk

Vegetables & Extras

KanjiOn'yomiKun'yomiMeaningCommon WordsSupermarket Example
サイ (sai)な (na)vegetable野菜 (やさい, vegetable), 菜食 (さいしょく, vegetarian)野菜コーナー = vegetable section
チャ (cha)・サ (sa)tea緑茶 (りょくちゃ, green tea), 紅茶 (こうちゃ, black tea)抹茶 (まっちゃ) = matcha
いも (imo)potatoさつまいも (sweet potato), 里芋 (さといも, taro)焼き芋 = roasted sweet potato
リツ (ritsu)くり (kuri)chestnut栗ご飯 (くりごはん, chestnut rice), 甘栗 (あまぐり, sweet chestnut)天津甘栗 = Tianjin chestnuts

Seasonings

KanjiOn'yomiKun'yomiMeaningCommon WordsSupermarket Example
エン (en)しお (shio)salt塩分 (えんぶん, salt content), 食塩 (しょくえん, table salt)減塩 (げんえん) = reduced salt
トウ (tō)sugar砂糖 (さとう, sugar), 糖分 (とうぶん, sugar content)低糖 (ていとう) = low sugar
ユ (yu)あぶら (abura)oil醤油 (しょうゆ, soy sauce), 食用油 (cooking oil)サラダ油 = salad oil
サク (saku)す (su)vinegar酢の物 (すのもの, vinegared dish), 黒酢 (くろず, black vinegar)ポン酢 = ponzu
ショウ (shō)sauce/paste醤油 (しょうゆ, soy sauce), 味噌 (みそ, miso)醤油 (しょうゆ) = soy sauce
シュ (shu)さけ (sake)alcohol日本酒 (にほんしゅ, sake), 酒屋 (さかや, liquor store)料理酒 = cooking sake

Supermarket Survival Guide

You'll see these labels everywhere in Japanese supermarkets:

LabelMeaningNotes
国産DomesticProduced in Japan
輸入品ImportedFrom overseas
賞味期限Best beforeQuality date (still safe briefly after)
消費期限Use bySafety date (don't eat after)
税込Tax includedPrice includes consumption tax
税抜Before taxNeed to add consumption tax
割引DiscountOn sale
半額Half price50% off!

Chinese-Japanese Ingredient Differences

Most ingredient kanji are the same, but watch out for these:

JapaneseChineseDifference
豚 (ぶた)猪 (pig)Japanese uses 豚 for pork
鶏 (にわとり)鸡 (chicken)Different character, same meaning
玉葱 (たまねぎ)洋葱 (onion)Japanese calls it "ball onion"
人参 (にんじん)胡萝卜 (carrot)Japanese 人参 = carrot, NOT ginseng!
唐辛子 (とうがらし)辣椒 (chili)唐 = "from Tang (China)"

⚠️ Important: Japanese 人参 means carrot, not ginseng! Ginseng in Japanese is 朝鮮人参 or 高麗人参.

Cultural Note: The Five Tastes of Washoku

Japanese cuisine values five flavors: 甘 (sweet), 酸 (sour), 鹹 (salty), 苦 (bitter), 辣 (spicy).

But the Japanese added a sixth: 旨味 (うまみ, umami). Umami is the "savory" taste, discovered by Japanese chemist Kikunae Ikeda in 1908. It's now recognized worldwide as the fifth basic taste. The kanji 旨 = delicious.

Practice

Q1. You see 豚肉 in a Japanese supermarket. What meat is it?

Show answer

Pork. Japanese uses 豚 (ぶた) for pig/pork. 豚肉 = ぶたにく = pork.

Q2. What's the difference between 賞味期限 and 消費期限?

Show answer

賞味期限 = best before date (still safe briefly after, but quality may decrease); 消費期限 = use by date (don't eat after this date).

Q3. What does 人参 mean in Japanese?

Show answer

Carrot. NOT ginseng! Japanese ginseng is called 朝鮮人参 or 高麗人参.

Q4. How do you pronounce 醤油?

Show answer

しょうゆ (shōyu). 醤 (しょう) + 油 (ゆ). This is the most essential Japanese cooking seasoning.

Q5. What does 半額 mean when you see it on a price tag?

Show answer

Half price. 半 = half, 額 = amount. Japanese supermarkets often discount items to half price in the evening — great for bargain hunting!

Summary

  • Ingredient kanji are essential for traveling in Japan, and most match Chinese
  • Key supermarket labels: 国産, 賞味期限, 消費期限, 税込, 半額
  • Watch for false friends: 人参 ≠ ginseng (it's carrot), 豚 = pig/pork
  • Japan's unique umami (旨味) concept is the fifth basic taste
  • Next up: From raw ingredients to cooked dishes — learn cooking kanji like 煮, 焼, 蒸, 炒

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